Members can download this article in PDF format. In designing an input stage for an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), engineers choose a particular amplifier, assign a target gain, and note the ...

Lighting a string of LEDs at a constant brightness requires driving it with a regulated current. A boost converter is commonly used to step up the voltage to a level high enough to bias the LEDs on ...

Even in today’s digital, IT-intensive radio plant, there is still a need to design and build one-of-a-kind electronic circuits. Simple devices such as digital tone generators and small distribution ...

All circuits, analog or digital, have characteristics dependent on the values of their component parts. Invariably, these parts are non-ideal in many ways. Even their most fundamental characteristics, ...

New agentic capabilities reduce time and cost of PCB design to virtually zeroFlux now plans and executes multi-step workflows ...

Figure 1 gives a simple circuit for the PUSH ON, PUSH OFF function with only a few inexpensive components. In this design, the output is connected to the input of the gadget when you press the push ...

An RC circuit in series with the coil allows full-current turn-on for reliable relay operation, then reduces the current to save power. Fellow engineer Sanjay R. Chendvankar of Mumbai, India, recently ...

Accountants and MBAs use spreadsheets to play “what if” scenarios with business and financial data. Can you do the same thing with electronic circuits? The answer–perhaps not surprisingly–is yes.

ASICs, FPGAs, and DSPs can require multiple supply voltages with restrictions on their start-up sequencing. Often, I/O voltages, which usually have the highest voltage, must come up first, followed by ...