Open radio-access networks (Open RAN) disaggregate a cell tower’s baseband unit into three units. The 5G Open RAN architecture specified by 3GPP separates functions into a centralized unit (CU) and ...

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing has become the standard modulation format for 5G New Radio. Lean how OFDM works and how it’s used. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an ...

The open standards for radio access networks offer options for locating network functions. These functional split options depend on network services and available transport links. Disaggregation of ...

Digital predistortion compensates for an amplifier’s nonlinearities, letting it operate in its nonlinear region for maximum power efficiency. Power amplifiers (PAs) are indispensable components in a ...

The I signal is created by multiplying the incoming signal by the digital local oscillator (LO). The resulting signal goes through a lowpass filter to remove higher-frequency products, creating the I ...

In a video interview, CNBG CTO Justin Clark explains how engineers designed around supply-chain issues caused by having few component suppliers. As part of the 5G standard in Release 15, 3GPP defines ...

Open radio access networks offer the option of placing network functions in different places along the signal path. That option, called a functional split, lets network engineers optimize performance ...

The infrastructure needed to deliver cost effective, reliable, and secure timing throughout cellular networks needs proper architecture, design, and management. Tighter time accuracy demands for 5G ...

RF power amplifiers consume lots of energy, which is a concern associated with 5G. Envelope tracking helps reduce power consumption but has tradeoffs. Envelope tracking is not really a new idea. Loy ...

Integrated communications and sensing at mmWave and sub-THz frequencies could add location detection that helps avoid accidents among pedestrians, bicycles, and vehicles. With the 5G commercial ...

Bias control of PAs is crucial to ensure optimum radio performance under all conditions. Current sensing and temperature sensing provide the feedback needed to control the PA bias. The choice of ...

Private networks, whether operated by users or by wireless carriers, requires radios, addressing, timing, and automation to make them run. 3GPP Release 16 introduced enhancements to 5G new radio (NR) ...