The abdominal aorta is the continuation of the thoracic aorta as it passes through the diaphragm at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra. It runs down the posterior abdominal wall, slightly to the left of the midline, in front of the vertebral bodies. This large artery is responsible for delivering oxygenated blood from the heart to the lower part of the body. It is a thick-walled, muscular vessel designed to withstand the high pressure of blood being pumped directly from the heart. Along

🇦🇺Function of the Withers Under Saddle 🇦🇺Support and Stability: The withers provide a stable anchor point for the neck and back, supporting the horse's topline. 🇦🇺Fulcrum for Movement: They act as a mechanical fulcrum, balancing the horse's weight and allowing the back to elevate as the neck lowers during collection. 🇦🇺Attachment Point for Soft Tissues: The withers offer attachment for key muscles, such as the trapezius and rhomboids, which stabilize the shoulder blades. 🇦🇺Influence on